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TAAR6

Family: Class A Orphans

Contents:
Gene and Protein Information
Previous and Unofficial Names
Database Links
Tissue Distribution
Expression Datasets
Gene Expression and Pathophysiology
Biologically Significant Variants
References
Gene and Protein Information
class A G protein-coupled receptor: probable pseudogene
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 345 6q23.2 TAAR6 trace amine associated receptor 6
Mouse 7 345 10 A4 Taar6 trace amine-associated receptor 6
Rat 7 342 1p12 Taar6 trace amine-associated receptor 6
Previous and Unofficial Names
Trace amine-associated receptor 6
Trace amine receptor 4
TaR-4
TA4
TAR4
TRAR4
RP11-295F4.3
SCZD5
TAAR6
TA4
taR-6
trace amine receptor 6
trace-amine-associated receptor 6
LOC215855
Gm228
Database Links
Ensembl ENSG00000146383 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000045111 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000016089 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 319100 (Hs), 215855 (Mm), 294124 (Rn)
GeneCards TAAR6 (Hs)
GenitoUrinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project Taar6 (Mm)
HomoloGene 27874 (Hs)
Human Protein Reference Database 16404 (Hs)
InterPro Q96RI8 (Hs), Q5QD13 (Mm), Q923Y5 (Rn)
KEGG Gene hsa:319100 (Hs), mmu:215855 (Mm), rno:294124 (Rn)
OMIM 608923 (Hs)
PharmGKB Gene PA134881141 (Hs)
PhosphoSitePlus Q96RI8 (Hs), Q5QD13 (Mm), Q923Y5 (Rn)
Protein Ontology (PRO) PRO:000001715 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_175067 (Hs), NM_001010828 (Mm), NM_175584 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_778237 (Hs), NP_001010828 (Mm), NP_783174 (Rn)
TreeFam ENSG00000146383 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000045111 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000016089 (Rn)
UniGene Hs. 434196 (Hs)
UniProt Q96RI8 (Hs), Q5QD13 (Mm), Q923Y5 (Rn)
Wikipedia TAAR6
Orphan and other 7TM receptors
Tissue Distribution
Kidney, amygdala, hippocampus
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR
References:  2
Human brain tissues (with the level of expression descending from hippocampus, substantia nigra, amygdala, frontal cortex to basal ganglia), human fetal liver. Not detected in the cerebellum or placenta.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR
References:  3
Olfactory sensory neurons
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  in situ hybridisation
References:  6
Grueneberg ganglion (nasal septum, nasal cavity and nasal roof)
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  RT-PCR
References:  5
Expression Datasets

Click here to show/hide data

Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Gene Expression and Pathophysiology Comments
The specific fragment of TAAR6 may be importmant for clinical biomarkers in the diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment [17]. It was reported that epistasis between TAAR6 and heat shock protein 70 variations may be associated with major mood disorders [10] and schizophrenia [13]. Serretti et al. reported that there may be a positive link between some genotypes in TAAR6 and response to aripiprazole that is used in the treatment of schizophrenia [15].
Biologically Significant Variants
C291Y
SNP accession:  rs8192625 
Type:  Naturally occurring SNPs.
Species:  Human
References: 
A228V
SNP accession:  rs17061409 
Type:  Naturally occurring SNPs.
Species:  Human
References: 
V265I
SNP accession:  rs8192624 
Type:  Naturally occurring SNPs.
Species:  Human
References: 
G165S, low frequency (<10% in tested population)
SNP accession:  rs17061401 
Type:  Naturally occurring SNPs.
Species:  Human
References: 
Y173C
SNP accession:  rs17061404 
Type:  Naturally occurring SNPs.
Species:  Human
References: 
V326I, low frequency (<10% in tested population)
SNP accession:  rs17061419 
Type:  Naturally occurring SNPs.
Species:  Human
References: 
I37V, low frequency (<10% in tested population)
SNP accession:  rs17061399 
Type:  Naturally occurring SNPs.
Species:  Human
References: 
Biologically Significant Variant Comments
A single SNP (rs4305745) in the TAAR6 gene and two additional SNPs (rs28447873 and rs7452939) in linkage disequilibrium with it were reported to be associated with schizophrenia in North American Caucasian and African-American families [3]. A different SNP in TAAR6 was found to be associated with bipolar disorder in a German case-control sample [1]. SNP rs6903874 in TAAR6 gene was found to be significantly associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a Korean case control sample [9,12]. A haplotype of 35kb overlapping TAAR6 was also found to be associated with schizophrenia in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families (ISHDSF) [17505468]. TAAR6 variations were suggested being associated with antidepressant response and suicidal behavior [11]. However, association of TAAR6 with schizophrenia was not supported by a family study in the Chinese Han population [4], a Japanese case-control study [7], an Arab-Israeli family sample [1], an Irish case-control study [16], a Caucasian family sample [7], a family-based association study of European ancestry [8], and a large case-control sample from European ancestry [14].

REFERENCES

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1. Amann, D; Avidan, N; Kanyas, K; Kohn, Y; Hamdan, A; Ben-Asher, E; Macciardi, F; Beckmann, JS; Lancet, D; Lerer, B. (2006) The trace amine receptor 4 gene is not associated with schizophrenia in a sample linked to chromosome 6q23. Mol. Psychiatry, 11 (2): 119-21. [PMID:16189505]

2. Borowsky, B., Adham, N., Jones, K. A., Raddatz, R., Artymyshyn, R., Ogozalek, K. L., Durkin, M. M., Lakhlani, P. P., Bonini, J. A., Pathirana, S., Boyle, N., Pu, X., Kouranova, E., Lichtblau, H., Ochoa, F. Y., Branchek, T. A. and Gerald, C. (2001) Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98: 8966-8971. [PMID:11459929]

3. Duan, J., Martinez, M., Sanders, A. R., Hou, C., Saitou, N., Kitano, T., Mowry, B. J., Crowe, R. R., Silverman, J. M., Levinson, D. F. and Gejman, P. V. (2004) Polymorphisms in the trace amine receptor 4 (TRAR4) gene on chromosome 6q23.2 are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet, 75: 624-638. [PMID:15329799]

4. Duan, S; Du, J; Xu, Y; Xing, Q; Wang, H; Wu, S; Chen, Q; Li, X; Li, X; Shen, J; et al.. (2006) Failure to find association between TRAR4 and schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. J Neural Transm, 113 (3): 381-5. [PMID:16075187]

5. Fleischer, J; Schwarzenbacher, K; Breer, H. (2007) Expression of trace amine-associated receptors in the Grueneberg ganglion. Chem. Senses, 32 (6): 623-31. [PMID:17556730]

6. Liberles, S. D. and Buck, L. B. (2006) A second class of chemosensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium. Nature, 442: 645-650. [PMID:16878137]

7. Liu, C; Shi, J; Badner, JA; Zou, H; Qian, Y; Gershon, ES. (2007) No association of trace amine receptor genes with bipolar disorder. Mol. Psychiatry, 12 (11): 979-81. [PMID:17957234]

8. Ludewick, HP; Schwab, SG; Albus, M; Lerer, B; Maier, W; Trixler, M; Wildenauer, DB. (2008) No support for an association with TAAR6 and schizophrenia in a linked population of European ancestry. Psychiatr. Genet., 18 (4): 208-10. [PMID:18628684]

9. Pae, C. U., Yu, H. S., Amann, D., Kim, J. J., Lee, C. U., Lee, S. J., Jun, T. Y., Lee, C., Paik, I. H., Patkar, A. A. and Lerer, B. (2008) Association of the trace amine associated receptor 6 (TAAR6) gene with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a Korean case control sample. J Psychiatr Res, 42: 35-40. [PMID:17097106]

10. Pae, CU; Drago, A; Forlani, M; Patkar, AA; Serretti, A. (2010) Investigation of an epistastic effect between a set of TAAR6 and HSP-70 genes variations and major mood disorders. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet., 153B (2): 680-3. [PMID:19582769]

11. Pae, CU; Drago, A; Kim, JJ; Patkar, AA; Jun, TY; De Ronchi, D; Serretti, A. (2010) TAAR6 variations possibly associated with antidepressant response and suicidal behavior. Psychiatry Res,  [Epub ahead of print]. [PMID:20493543]

12. Pae, CU; Drago, A; Mandelli, L; De Ronchi, D; Serretti, A. (2009) TAAR 6 and HSP-70 variations associated with bipolar disorder. Neurosci. Lett., 465 (3): 257-61. [PMID:19766166]

13. Pae, CU; Drago, A; Patkar, AA; Jun, TY; Serretti, A. (2009) Epistasis between a set of variations located in the TAAR6 and HSP-70 genes toward schizophrenia and response to antipsychotic treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 19 (11): 806-11. [PMID:19643584]

14. Sanders, AR; Duan, J; Levinson, DF; Shi, J; He, D; Hou, C; Burrell, GJ; Rice, JP; Nertney, DA; Olincy, A; Rozic, P; Vinogradov, S; Buccola, NG; Mowry, BJ; Freedman, R; Amin, F; Black, DW; Silverman, JM; Byerley, WF; Crowe, RR; Cloninger, CR; Martinez, M; Gejman, PV. (2008) No significant association of 14 candidate genes with schizophrenia in a large European ancestry sample: implications for psychiatric genetics. Am J Psychiatry, 165 (4): 497-506. [PMID:18198266]

15. Serretti, A; Pae, CU; Chiesa, A; Mandelli, L; De Ronchi, D. (2009) Influence of TAAR6 polymorphisms on response to aripiprazole. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 33 (5): 822-6. [PMID:19345712]

16. Vladimirov, VI; Maher, BS; Wormley, B; O'Neill, FA; Walsh, D; Kendler, KS; Riley, BP. (2009) The trace amine associated receptor (TAAR6) gene is not associated with schizophrenia in the Irish Case-Control Study of Schizophrenia (ICCSS) sample. Schizophr. Res., 107 (2-3): 249-54. [PMID:18973992]

17. Xi, L; Junjian, Z; Yumin, L; Yunwen, L; Hongbin, W. (2009) Serum biomarkers of vascular cognitive impairment evaluated by bead-based proteomic technology. Neurosci. Lett., 463 (1): 6-11. [PMID:19631719]

To cite this database page, please use the following:

Wen Chiy Liew.
Class A Orphans: TAAR6. Last modified on 05/11/2012. Accessed on 25/05/2013. IUPHAR database (IUPHAR-DB), http://iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=171.


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